In a secluded spot nigh the Old English linguistic communication Garden , inward London’s Battersea Park , is a pocket-size bronze statue of a terrier. The statue was erected inward 1985 , simply the 1 that it replaced —the master statue— was the bailiwick of much political in addition to scientific contention , resulting inward riots in addition to demonstrations that raged for vii years in addition to divided the entire nation.
The tilt began inward Dec 1902 , when an anonymous brownish Canis familiaris was subjected , over the course of written report of several months , to repeated alive surgeries inward a laboratory of University College London. The Canis familiaris was cutting opened upwards , allegedly without anesthesia , in addition to his pancreas removed , in addition to for the side past times side ii months , confined to a cage where it howled in addition to whined upsetting several staff of the college.
The novel Brown Dog statue , past times Nicola Hicks , at Battersea Park. Photo credit: Tagishsimon/Wikimedia
The terminal human action was performed inward Feb 1903 inward a lecture room earlier a grouping of medical students. The Canis familiaris was stretched on his dorsum on the operating tabular array , in addition to was cutting opened upwards to inspect the outcome of the get-go operation. The injure was in addition to thence clamped close alongside forceps in addition to the animate existence handed over to some other researcher who punctured a novel injure inward the cervix of the animal. The exposed nerves on the cervix were in addition to thence stimulated alongside electricity inward an attempt to evidence that salivary pressure level was independent of blood pressure. After one-half an hr of trying , the experiment was deemed a failure in addition to abandoned. The terrier was in addition to thence handed to a pupil who ended the misfortunate dog’s sufferings past times driving a knife to his heart.
In attendance that solar daytime were ii Swedish women in addition to anti-vivisectionists who had enrolled themselves every bit students inward guild to document such incidents. The same twelvemonth , the women published a mass titled The Shambles of Science: Extracts from the Diary of Two Students of Physiology , where they exposed the researchers’ fell methods.
The mass came to the attending of Stephen Coleridge , secretarial assistant of the National Anti-Vivisection Society , who realized that ii anti-cruelty laws had been broken inward the animal’s treatment — he had non been anesthetized , in addition to he had been used inward to a greater extent than than 1 experiment. When Coleridge publicly lashed out against the scientists , William Bayliss , 1 of the professors involved inward the vivisection of the Canis familiaris , sued Coleridge for libel.
Reconstruction of the 1903 vivisection demonstration past times William Bayliss shown inward the courtroom during the Nov 1903 lawsuit inward London. William Bayliss is standing behind a Canis familiaris on an operating board , in addition to to his correct , Ernest Starling , along alongside other technicians. Photo credit: University College London archives
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Although Coleridge lost the accommodate , the publicity surrounding the lawsuit brought the ‘Brown Dog Affair’ vividly to the public’s attention.
In 1906 , a benefactor provided the funds to erect a memorial statue inward Battersea’s Latchmere Recreation Ground , non far from where the electrical current statue stands. The statue depicted a Canis familiaris sitting upright on top of a cylindrical drinking natural springtime , which had variety drinking troughs for both humans in addition to animals. The statue bore a plaque that said:
“In Memory of the Brown Terrier Dog Done to Death inward the Laboratories of University College inward Feb 1903 after having endured Vivisection extending over to a greater extent than than Two Months in addition to having been handed over from 1 Vivisector to Another Till Death came to his Release.
Also inward Memory of the 232 dogs Vivisected at the same house during the twelvemonth 1902.
Men in addition to Women of England how long shall these Things be?”
The master Brown Dog statue. Photo credit: National Anti-Vivisection Society
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Medical students inward London were angered past times the plaque , because of the accusatory nature of the inscription. They repeatedly attacked the memorial in addition to protested against it. In Nov in addition to Dec , 1907 , thousands of medical students rioted inward the streets , burnt effigies , in addition to made to a greater extent than attempts at attacking the statue requiring the metropolis to move police line forcefulness to command the crowd. Many students were arrested in addition to fined , in addition to round-the-clock guards were placed to protect the statue. Eventually the council got tired of the tilt in addition to the involve for policing the memorial which was costing the metropolis also much. On March 10 , 1910 , the statue was quietly removed nether the encompass of darkness. iii ,000 anti-vivisectionists protested inward Trafalgar Square in addition to demanded that the statue last returned simply to no avail.
Seventy 5 years after , the National Anti-Vivisection Society in addition to the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection commissioned a novel statue in addition to placed it inward Battersea Park. It bears the same inscription every bit the master , although in that location is no drinking natural springtime this time.
A demonstration on nineteen March 1910 inward Trafalgar Square to protestation the statue's removal.
Sources: Wikipedia / Britannica / National Anti-Vivisection Society / batterseapark.org