Starting from the belatedly 18th century , many English linguistic communication landowners together with industrialists began edifice villages to render housing for their workers together with their families unopen to their workplace. Elsewhere , such type of settlements are known every bit “company towns”. In United Kingdom they are called “model villages”.
While companionship towns are commonly associated amongst the mining manufacture , inwards United Kingdom model villages are centered to a greater extent than or less all sorts of industries ranging from lather to chocolate. When they began popping upward all over United Kingdom inwards the 18th together with 19th centuries , they sharply contrasted the overcrowded living weather of British working-class districts of the time. Model villages had higher standards of living amongst high lineament housing , integrated community amenities , opened upward spaces together with other attractive physical environments that British workers had seldom access to. They became models—examples for others to follow.
Houses inwards Port Sunlight , a British model village. Photo credit: Jorge Franganillo/Flickr
Some of the kickoff model villages were built past times landowners driven mainly past times aesthetic reasons. Old cottages belonging to the wretched oft blotted the countryside together with spoiled the fine vista offered from their province house. So landowners had these cottages demolished together with the people relocated to a novel landscape creating the kickoff model village. Later , every bit the Industrial Revolution took jibe , many industrialists who built factories inwards rural locations provided housing for workers clustered to a greater extent than or less the workplace. Unlike the landowners , some of these industrialists were truly concerned for the welfare of their workers. Others recognized that keeping workers happy past times providing them a healthier residential surroundings was the cardinal to increased productivity , which translated into a to a greater extent than successful business.
There were i time over 400 planned settlements inwards Britain. An early on instance is New Lanark inwards Scotland , built past times Robert Owen for his cotton fiber mills. New Lanark is a UNESCO World Heritage Site now.
One of the virtually renowned model hamlet , Port Sunlight , was built past times William Hesketh Lever of Lever Brothers to arrange workers of his lather factory. The refer is derived from Lever Brothers' virtually pop prepare of cleaning agent , Sunlight.
Between 1899 together with 1914 , Lever built to a greater extent than or less 800 houses to household a population of iii ,500. Each household was designed past times a dissimilar architect resulting inwards a beautiful mix of styles. There are both half-timbered houses featuring carved woodwork every bit good every bit brick buildings amongst exquisite masonry , pargetting together with twisted chimneys. The garden hamlet had allotments together with world buildings including the Lady Lever Art Gallery , a cottage infirmary , schools , a concert hall , opened upward air swimming puddle , church building , together with a temperance hotel. Lever introduced welfare schemes , together with provided for the teaching together with amusement of his workforce , encouraging recreation together with organizations which promoted fine art , literature , scientific discipline or music.
Today , Port Sunlight contains nine hundred Grade II listed buildings.
Photo credit: Man vyi/Wikimedia
Photo credit: James Stringer/Flickr
Photo credit: James Stringer/Flickr
Photo credit: Phil Beard/Flickr
Photo credit: diamond geezer/Flickr
Photo credit: diamond geezer/Flickr
Another exemplary model hamlet , Bournville , inwards Birmingham , was established past times the Cadbury brothers , George together with Richard. According to Joseph Rowntree Foundation , it is "one of the nicest places to alive inwards Britain". The disputation was made inwards 2003 , together with it’s every bit truthful every bit it was a century ago.
The Cadburys built hundreds of cottages , together with provided recreational facilities similar swimming pools , football game , cricket together with hockey pitches , grassed running tracks , several bowling greens , together with a angling lake for the produce goodness of their workers together with their families. No charges were levied for role of these facilities. The Cadburys provided teaching together with workers were given the chance to consummate commercial or technical training. The theater also established operate councils , such every bit the Women's Works Council , together with supported trades unions. They pioneered pension schemes , articulation industrial plant committees together with a total staff medical service.
A household inwards Bournville. Photo credit: diamond geezer/Flickr
Bournville Rest House built past times the employees of Cadbury Brothers Ltd. to celebrate the Silver Wedding Anniversary of George together with Elizabeth Cadbury. Photo credit: diamond geezer/Flickr
The Bolsover Company also developed 2 exemplary mining communities inwards Derbyshire during the belatedly nineteenth century—Bolsover (1891) together with Creswell (1896). The Bolsover Company aimed to render improved living weather for the miners together with their families , believing that the provision of facilities together with the advertisement of workers' welfare would discourage drunkenness , gambling together with bad language. The houses at Creswell were built inwards concentric circles , together with inside these circles was a large opened upward parkland together with a bandstand. Both villages had clubhouses , bowling greens , cooperative society stores , cricket pitches together with schools. The companionship also organized diverse events intended to heighten community life , such every bit blossom shows , lectures , sporting events , concerts , teas together with dances.
Bolsover model village. Photo credit: Andrew Hill/Flickr
Textile manufacturer Edward Akroyd built 2 model villages at Copley (between 1849 together with 1853) together with Ackroyden (between 1861 together with 1863). So did Sir Titus Salt , a leading industrialist inwards the Yorkshire woollen manufacture , who built Saltaire inwards 1851. Salt built corking rock houses for his workers , provided wash-houses amongst tap H2O , bath-houses , a infirmary , an institute for recreation together with teaching , together with mostly provided meliorate living weather than the slums at Bradford from where he relocated his describe concern together with workers. Saltaire became a UNESCO World Heritage Site inwards 2001.
The practise of edifice model villages came to an destination inwards the 1920s. Stewartby together with Silver End , both built inwards 1926 , i past times The London Brick Company together with the other past times Crittall Windows Ltd , were the final model villages inwards Britain.
Houses inwards Saltaire. Photo credit: Tim Green/Flickr
Houses inwards Saltaire. Photo credit: Tim Green/Flickr
Whiteley Village , a model hamlet inwards Surrey , has an octagonal layout. Photo credit: Mike Roycroft/Wikimedia
Vickerstown , a model hamlet was built inwards 1901 past times Vickers Shipbuilding together with Engineering. Photo credit: Christina Rose Howker/Flickr
Rows of houses built for railway workers inwards Swindon Railway village. Photo credit: Ed G Baston/Panoramio
Sources: Wikipedia / Wikipedia / Google Sightseeing / www.buildinghistory.org